The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.
Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.
Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.
Q15. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage
A."patterns"(line5)
B."grain"(line8)
C."burin"(line16)
D."grooves"(line17)
Ans:c
我不懂這題是要考什麼??? 是問哪一句有考到有定義到這些單字嗎???
Q21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints except that they
A.can be reproduced on materials other than paper
B.are created from a reversed image
C.show variations between light and dark shades
D.require a printing press
Ans:C
這一提要在文章哪裡有提到阿??? 但是最後一段有一句Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. 怎麼答案是C???
可以麻煩大大幫我解答一下 先謝謝啦
