[問題]GWD8-Q4~Q6

[bugubugu]

Q4 to Q6:
Frazier and Mosteller assert that
medical research could be improved by
a move toward larger, simpler clinical
Line trials of medical treatments. Currently,
(5) researchers collect far more background
information on patients than is strictly
required for their trials—substantially more
than hospitals collect—thereby escalating
costs of data collection, storage, and
(10) analysis. Although limiting information
collection could increase the risk that
researchers will overlook facts relevant
to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend
that such risk, never entirely eliminable
(15) from research, would still be small in most
studies. Only in research on entirely new
treatments are new and unexpected vari-
ables likely to arise.
Frazier and Mosteller propose not
(20) only that researchers limit data collec-
tion on individual patients but also that
researchers enroll more patients in clinical
trials, thereby obtaining a more represen-
tative sample of the total population with
(25) the disease under study. Often research-
ers restrict study participation to patients
who have no ailments besides those being
studied. A treatment judged successful
under these ideal conditions can then
(30) be evaluated under normal conditions.
Broadening the range of trial participants,
Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would
enable researchers to evaluate a treat-
ment’s efficacy for diverse patients under
(35) various conditions and to evaluate its
effectiveness for different patient sub-
groups. For example, the value of a
treatment for a progressive disease may
vary according to a patient’s stage of
(40) disease. Patients’ ages may also affect
a treatment’s efficacy.

請問Q6的E為何錯?
答案是D
Q6:The passage is primarily concerned with
A. identifying two practices in medical research that may affect the accuracy of
clinical trials
B. describing aspects of medical research that tend to drive up costs
C. evaluating an analysis of certain shortcomings of current medical research
practices
D. describing proposed changes to the ways in which clinical trials are conducted
E. explaining how medical researchers have traditionally conducted clinical trials
and how such trials are likely to change

[liwuu]

我想主要錯在"explain"...全文重點並沒有放在去解釋原因

[josephko]

一個基本判斷方法請教版主及前輩
Q5如下
The author mentions patients’ ages (line 40) primarily in order to

A. identify the most critical variable differentiating subgroups of patients
B. cast doubt on the advisability of implementing Frazier and Mosteller’s proposals about medical research
C. indicate why progressive diseases may require different treatments at different stages
D. illustrate a point about the value of enrolling a wide range of patients in clinical trials
E. substantiate an argument about the problems inherent in enrolling large numbers of patients in clinical trials

可能是自己習慣性的做了一些不必要的連結, stage 跟age 感覺就是有那麼點相關的味道,或要做解釋的感覺, 錯選了 C ,看了解答才發現自己又犯了這個毛病
D選項才是正解

我想確認的是
在文末 For example後作者堤了 progressive disease , 說完慢性病後
句點 .(另一句) Patients' ages may also
我是不是可以因為句點和 also就確立這是兩個不相干的例證呢?

[micht]

Frazier and Mosteller propose not
(20) only that researchers limit data collec-
tion on individual patients but also that
researchers enroll more patients in clinical
trials, thereby obtaining a more represen-
tative sample of the total population with
(25) the disease under study. Often research-
ers restrict study participation to patients
who have no ailments besides those being
studied. A treatment judged successful
under these ideal conditions can then
(30) be evaluated under normal conditions.
Broadening the range of trial participants,
Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would
enable researchers to evaluate a treat-
ment’s efficacy for diverse patients under
(35) various conditions and to evaluate its
effectiveness for different patient sub-
groups. For example, the value of a
treatment for a progressive disease may
vary according to a patient’s stage of
(40) disease. Patients’ ages may also affect
a treatment’s efficacy.


為何要舉出patient's ages? -> to obtain more information about the paitients 上面藍色字已有標釋出Frazier and Mosteller認為 資料不足(對病人的了解不夠 limited) 需要broaden range

後面舉出兩個可加入的 資料1. the value of a treatment for a progressive disease may
vary according to a patient’s stage of 是否該依據惡化程度&stage區分病人 例如治療惡化中的病人at different statge

2. Patients’ ages may also affect a treatment’s efficacy.
病人的年紀是否和治療效果有差別? 同樣治療方法 但結果年輕人可兩天恢復 老人則一個月?

題目問為何要提Patients' ages 此作用和提出 the value of a treatment for a progressive disease用意相同

C. indicate why progressive diseases may require different treatments at different stages
D. illustrate a point about the value of enrolling a wide range of patients in clinical trials

選C沒說明為何舉這例子
選D正確 說明 作者 提出 Patients' ages in order to...

[blue123736]

Q4.According to the passage, Frazier and Mosteller believe which of the following about medical research?
A. It is seriously flawed as presently conducted because researchers overlook facts that are relevant to the subject of their research.
B. It tends to benefit certain subgroups of patients disproportionately.
C. It routinely reveals new variables in research on entirely new treatments.
D. It can be made more accurate by limiting the amount of information researchers collect.
E. It cannot be freed of the risk that significant variables may be overlooked.

這....答案為何是E
文中說
(10) analysis. Although limiting information
collection could increase the risk that
researchers will overlook facts relevant
to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend
that such risk, never entirely eliminable
(15) from research, would still be small in most
studies. Only in research on entirely new
treatments are new and unexpected vari-
ables likely to arise.

我認為C或D會比較好
但是也都各有怪怪的
C. It routinely reveals new variables in research on entirely new treatments. 文中沒有說是routinely....

D. It can be made more accurate by limiting the amount of information researchers collect. 這個accurate的部分也沒有提到阿....

我最後是選C啦...

[Behemoth]

答案是e沒錯
請見原文14-15行

[blue123736]

阿...
剛剛腦筋打結了
把significant當作"大量的/很多的"

去吃各東西回來後發現搞錯了



請原諒我無心的攪局啦

[davidlee0222]

Q4.According to the passage, Frazier and Mosteller believe which of the following about medical research?
問F跟M相信啥?
在第16行
Only in research on entirely new
treatments are new and unexpected vari-
ables likely to arise.
全文主軸是
他們相信在某些新開發的療程中
因受限的經費跟資訊所產生的風險
將可能有不堪後果
因此提倡做重點投資

A. It is seriously flawed as presently conducted because researchers overlook facts that are relevant to the subject of their research.
沒有seriously flawed
也不是忽略相關受測對象
而是內定受測對象做出完美情境

B. It tends to benefit certain subgroups of patients disproportionately.
並沒有不成比例的圖利次團體

C. It routinely reveals new variables in research on entirely new treatments.
醫學研究例行地在"對全新療程的研究中"揭發新的變因

從頭到尾沒提到揭發蛇麼新變因
而提到新療程只有在講因為經費有限
資訊受限的風險歸避需要做重點投資
也沒提到例行

D. It can be made more accurate by limiting the amount of information researchers collect.
藉由"限制研究者所蒐集的訊息量"，可使醫療研究更準確

全文所指剛好相反
就是因為經費不足所造成的資訊有限
所造成的風險對開發新療程有不堪影響
所以要重點投資
其實這個選項由常識大概也能判斷
小弟認為主要因為難句沒看懂

E. It cannot be freed of the risk that significant variables may be overlooked.
因為一些關鍵變因可能被忽略
風險可能無法排除

沒錯
全文就是為了講這個
所以要對新開發療程做重點投資

[davidlee0222]

Q5
The author mentions patients’ ages (line 40) primarily in order to
功能題
提到age幹麻
在讀文時就要心中有文句功能
Broadening the range of trial participants,
Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would
enable researchers to evaluate a treat-
ment’s efficacy for diverse patients under
(35) various conditions and to evaluate its
effectiveness for different patient sub-
groups.
FM建議擴大實驗對象的差異性
可確定療程對(不同病情的大差異病人的)有效度的衡量
以及對不同次團體病人的有效度
For example, the value of a
treatment for a progressive disease may
vary according to a patient’s stage of
(40) disease. Patients’ ages may also affect
a treatment’s efficacy.
(舉例)...
"而病人的年齡也會影響療程的有效性"

提到age僅為了補充另一可能變因
與前文無直接連貫關係

A. identify the most critical variable differentiating subgroups of patients
指出區隔病人次團體的最重要變項
無關

B. cast doubt on the advisability of implementing Frazier and Mosteller’s proposals about medical research
質疑..
無關

C. indicate why progressive diseases may require different treatments at different stages
指出為何慢性病在不同時期需要不同療程
從頭到尾沒提到
也不是提到age的目的
提到age僅為了另舉一可能變因

D. illustrate a point about the value of enrolling a wide range of patients in clinical trials
舉證在臨床實驗時，受測病人的廣泛差異性的價值
對

E. substantiate an argument about the problems inherent in enrolling large numbers of patients in clinical trials
強調在臨床實驗時，大量受測病人的不一致性的問題
無關

回應J大
這裡小弟個人從句點跟also無從判斷
是由全文主要概念"擴大受測者差異性"
跟舉例來判斷
其實提到age是這個概念的第2個舉例
只是它沒有再重複一次for example

[davidlee0222]

Q6:The passage is primarily concerned with
全文主軸為?

看完文章就要有全文主軸
是在講
FM認為因受限的經費跟資訊所產生的風險
及實驗內定的完美情境
在某些新開發的療程中
將可能有不堪後果
因此提倡擴大實驗受測者的差異性

重點是FM所提的建議案
前面只是為了鋪陳建議案的背景需求

A. identifying two practices in medical research that may affect the accuracy of
clinical trials
辨別兩措施..
錯
是在提一個建議案

B. describing aspects of medical research that tend to drive up costs
闡述"可能提高成本的醫學研究"的各面向
只有第一段

C. evaluating an analysis of certain shortcomings of current medical research
practices
評估"現今醫療研究措施的某些缺失"的分析
無關
完全沒有評估蛇麼分析

D. describing proposed changes to the ways in which clinical trials are conducted
陳述一個對"臨床實驗如何產製"的建議改進
是滴

E. explaining how medical researchers have traditionally conducted clinical trials
and how such trials are likely to change
解釋傳統醫療研究人員如何產製臨床實驗
及這些實驗可能如何改進

前半段並不是在解釋傳統的實驗產製方式
而是在為改進方案的背景提供說明

[reohuang]

補充一點個人Q4選項D的判斷依據

乍看之下D又有很像答案的感覺了
不過後來發現這個部分應該不完全...
注意下面:
文章第二段第一句:
Frazier and Mosteller propose not
only that researchers limit data collec-
tion on individual patients but also that
researchers enroll more patients in clinical
trials.........

唉...又是不能都只靠乍看之下了

[davidlee0222]

Q4.D的判斷依據應該是第10行開始的這2句話
Although limiting information
collection could increase the risk that
researchers will overlook facts relevant
to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend
that such risk, never entirely eliminable
(15) from research, would still be small in most
studies. Only in research on entirely new
treatments are new and unexpected vari-
ables likely to arise

即使限制資訊將提高研究風險，
FM仍認為這種無法完全去除的風險
對大多數研究影響不大
但對全新療程卻可能有不堪後果

因此限制資訊量的研究將是不準確的

[agk99]

GWD-8-Q4:
According to the passage, Frazier and Mosteller believe which of the following about medical research?

A. It is seriously flawed as presently conducted because researchers overlook facts that are relevant to the subject of their research. 錯，F, M認為風險小
B. It tends to benefit certain subgroups of patients disproportionately.
C. It routinely reveals new variables in research on entirely new treatments. (錯在routine)
D. It can be made more accurate by limiting the amount of information researchers collect. 錯
E. It cannot be freed of the risk that significant variables may be overlooked.
選E，對照第14行
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q5:
The author mentions patients’ ages(line 40) primarily in order to

A. identify the most critical variable differentiating subgroups of patients
B. cast doubt on the advisability of implementing Frazier and Mosteller’s proposals about medical research
C. indicate why progressive diseases may require different treatments at different stages
D. illustrate a point about the value of enrolling a wide range of patients in clinical trials
E. substantiate an argument about the problems inherent in enrolling large numbers of patients in clinical trials
講的ages，其實就是講和原本語氣一定不同，而且一定是講要更廣的樣本調查，選一個，就是D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q6:
The passage is primarily concerned with

A. identifying two practices in medical research that may affect the accuracy of clinical trials
B. describing aspects of medical research that tend to drive up costs 必錯
C. evaluating an analysis of certain shortcomings of current medical research practices 錯，並不都是針對缺點來的
D. describing proposed changes to the ways in which clinical trials are conducted
E. explaining how medical researchers have traditionally conducted clinical trials and how such trials are likely to change(無關)
AD選一，D好一點，A就錯在accuracy

[best555tw]

Only in research on entirely new
treatments are new and unexpected variables
likely to arise.
Often researchers
restrict study participation to patients
who have no ailments besides those being
studied.

這兩句怎麼翻譯
我番不太出來..........><

[davidslin]

Only in research on entirely new
treatments are new and unexpected variables
likely to arise.
只有在研究完全新的試驗裡,新的及未預期的變數才可能增加
Often researchers
restrict study participation to patients
who have no ailments besides those being
studied.

通常研究人員會限制參與研究的病患,是除了要被研究的疾病之外,沒有別的疾病的那些人
這兩句怎麼翻譯
我番不太出來..........><