GWD18-7~10

[candrow]

Q7 to Q10:
The term “episodic memory” was
introduced by Tulving to refer to what he
considered a uniquely human capacity—
Line the ability to recollect specific past events,
(5) to travel back into the past in one’s own
mind—as distinct from the capacity simply
to use information acquired through past
experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al.
developed criteria to test for episodic
(10) memory in animals. According to these
criteria, episodic memories are not of
individual bits of information; they involve
multiple components of a single event
“bound” together. Clayton sought to
(15) examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate
memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”
information and their binding of this infor-
mation. In the wild, these birds store food
for retrieval later during periods of food
(20) scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required
jays to remember the type, location, and
freshness of stored food based on a unique
learning event. Crickets were stored in one
location and peanuts in another. Jays
(25) prefer crickets, but crickets degrade
more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched
their preference from crickets to peanuts
once the food had been stored for a certain
length of time, showing that they retain
(30) information about the what, the where,
and the when. Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory.

這篇文章和GWD12-4~7相同
但是題目有兩提不一樣
我都錯了T_T

Q8:
According to the passage, part of the evidence that scrub jays can bind information is that they

A.showed by their behavior that they were reexperiencing the past
B.used information acquired through past experiences
C.assessed the freshness of food that had been stored by other jays
D.remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location
E.recollected single bits of information about sources of food
答案D
但我選B

感覺兩個意思頗接近
類似的話在原文黑體字部分有出現過

我在想
原文說episodic memory不只是使用過去資訊
然後接著談到C用了一個實驗來測試動物有沒有episodic memory
是要發現該動物能不能把what/where/when等information bind在一起

所以答B是因為B句出現的位置不在實驗部分
而且類似被排除在episodic memory之外嗎
(說的很抽象...不過打到這裡我好像已經有點說服自己了
不過大家還是來討論一下吧:))
-------------------------------------------------------------Q10:
In order for Clayton’s experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?

A.Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.
B.All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.
C.The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.
D.When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented from eating it.
E.Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity.

答案E
重看一遍後我也覺得E好
其實A的論述方式似乎有點接近E
A: J取回儲存的花生, 背景條件是它們被允許取回
E: J是在食物缺乏的狀況之下
感覺上
A的問題好像是出在not mentioned
-------------------------------------------------------------

[medi66]

有相關的討論 可以參考一下~

http://www.formosamba.com/phpBB3/viewtopi ... t=episodic