[問題]Prep-T2-Q8

[mandy-lo]

8. Ozone reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.
A) has long appeared that it was immune from
B) has long appeared to have been immune from
C) has long appeared as being immune to
D) had long appeared immune to
E) had long appeared that it was immune to

請教一下各位大大們這裏解答中:Immune from 和immune to 都對，GMAT不考介詞用法的介詞用法是指啥？？


P.S.問了一堆...真不好意思.....希望大家見諒......

[whoops]

8. Ozone reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.
A) has long appeared that it was immune from
B) has long appeared to have been immune from
C) has long appeared as being immune to
D) had long appeared immune to
E) had long appeared that it was immune to

請教選項中past perfect tense單獨存在句子中沒有問題嗎?
雖然就句意上來看似乎沒有問題

[mikumi630]

記得莫伯伯說過動詞的時態也可以表現出因果關係

這題就有一個隱藏版的因果關係
因此要用過去完成式
appear這個動作是人作的,故會被後面的realize影響
"we have now realized”使得前面的認知” it has long appeared ”的想法已經被結束=>以前一直以為臭氧層不會受人類影響,現在已經知道…

看懂這層因果關係就可以知道為什麼選過去完成了

[dibert8]

答案 (D) 嗎?
(E) 看起來像是以前覺得臭氧層之前不受人類影響, 我覺得 that 子句時太應該是現在式: 從以前的觀點臭氧層應該是一直不受人類影響的. 這樣想對嗎?

[kaijen]

還是不懂這一題為什麼要選(D)過去完成式?
我選了(B)
有人可以解答嗎?

[stanley705]

用過去完成式是為了區別where子句中的事情跟後面we have now realized 發生順序的不同
B錯還有一個原因has long appeared跟 have been immune from 重複表達了現在完成式 多餘

[dibert8]

討論一下 (E) 覺得 that 子句裡的時間和過去完成式沒有交集,不合理.
要嘛用現在式,表示把以前那時候視為現在(爭議!另一種見解:過去怎麼知道現在看起來怎樣?);要嘛時態一致,如 (D).

[rino]

我想請問一下，it had long appeared的it是否為虛主詞？
記得老莫說虛主詞不會和後面的代名詞相衝，並且that子句的代名詞應該也不會和主要句子中的代名詞相衝
所以A、E的it是否沒有指代不一致的問題？

[阿琪]

恩恩…沒錯！
where it 是虛主詞…而 that it 指的為Ozone，兩者指代對象不一致，會成為gmat常考的"模糊指代"問題~

附帶一提…
此題考點：
1、過去完成或現在完成　　（從we now realize 可得知，應用過去完成；RC唸多了就會有感覺）
2、 immue to or immue from
3、appeared 的用法 （此題不易判斷）
４、指代it的使用

(其中immue是Adj. )

immue to ，表"不受…影響" --> immue to human influence
immue from，表"受…保護" --> immue from human influence
因此…依句意…immue to 較符合

[scottkidd]

根據在 The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language上查的結果
immune
adj.

1.Not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt: immune from taxation; immune from criminal prosecution.

2.Not affected by a given influence; unresponsive: immune to persuasion.