GWD-9-Q9 to GWD-9-Q11:

[agk99]

GWD-9-Q9 to GWD-9-Q11:

Among the myths taken as
fact by the environmental managers
of most corporations is the
Line belief that environmental regula-
(5) tions affect all competitors in
a given industry uniformly. In
reality, regulatory costs—and
therefore compliance—fall
unevenly, economically disad-
(10) vantaging some companies and
benefiting others. (前兩句讀完，發現文意是補充說明現實狀況，而非反駁)
For example,(開始舉例，而且一舉舉了四個例)
a plant situated near a number
of larger noncompliant competitors
is less likely to attract the
(15) attention of local regulators than
is an isolated plant, and less
attention means lower costs.
Additionally, large plants can
spread compliance costs such
(20) as waste treatment across a
larger revenue base(暗示large companies是advantaged); on the other
hand, some smaller plants may
not even be subject to certain
provisions such as permit or
(25) reporting requirements by virtue
of their size(不必讀都知這是講小公司的disadvantage) .
Finally, older production
technologies often
continue to generate toxic wastes
that were not regulated when the
(30 ) technology was first adopted.(講的是法令規範不到的漏網之魚)
(第11行到這都是舉例)
New regulations have imposed(舉例後通常是重要新訊息)
extensive compliance costs on
companies still using older
industrial coal-fired burners that
(35) generate high sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide outputs, for
example, whereas new facilities
generally avoid processes that
would create such waste pro-
(40) ducts. By realizing that they
have discretion and that not all
industries are affected equally
by environmental regulation,
environmental managers can
(45) help their companies to achieve
a competitive edge by anticipating
regulatory pressure and
exploring all possibilities for
addressing how changing regula-
(50) tions will affect their companies
specifically.

[agk99]

特別請教第10題，請十方大德提供意見



GWD-9-Q9:
Which of the following hypothetical examples would best illustrate the point the author makes in lines 40-51 (“By realizing … specifically.”)?

A. Believing its closest competitor is about to do the same, a plant reduces its output of a toxic chemical at great cost in order to comply with environmental regulations.
B. In the face of new environmental regulations, a plant maintains its production methods and passes the costs of compliance on to its customers.
C. A plant’s manager learns of a competitor’s methods of lowering environmental compliance costs but is reluctant to implement those methods.
D. Having learned of an upcoming environmental ban on a certain chemical, a company designs its new plant to employ processes that avoid use of that chemical.
E. A plant attempts to save money by refusing to comply with environmental laws.

直接選D，才能表達出第44行所說的，environmental manager的功能
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-9-Q10:
According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?

A. Older production technologies cannot be adapted so as to reduce production of these outputs as waste products.
B. Under the most recent environmental regulations, industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs.
C. Although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.
D. Many older plants have developed innovative technological processes that reduce the amounts of these outputs generated as waste products.
E. Since the production processes that generate these outputs are less costly than alternative processes, these less expensive processes are sometimes adopted
despite their acknowledged environmental hazards.

這一題我選不出來，覺得CD都比A好--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-9-Q11:
The passage suggests which of the following concerning the relationship between the location of a plant and the compliance costs it faces?

A. A plant is less likely to face high compliance costs if it is located near larger plants that are in violation of environmental regulations.
B. An isolated plant is less likely to draw the attention of environmental regulators, resulting in lower compliance costs.
C. A large plant that is located near other large facilities will most probably be forced to pay high compliance costs.
D. A small plant that is located near a number of larger plants will be forced to absorb some of its neighbors’ compliance costs.
E. A plant will often escape high compliance costs if it is located far away from environmental regulatory agencies.

選A，可以對照第13行，基本上和大小無關，所以可以先刪CD，BE是相反

[pcl12]

我的答案是Ｂ,根據L31-32我就選了...做的時候可能是所看的行數不夠就直接推論了
總覺得GWD就連細節題也很像 推論題
後來檢討仔細看了L31-40的句子發現其實根本沒提industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs, 文章只說了have imposed
extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners (對誰要開罰)而已
至於你說的C
我覺得單就文章所給的訊息沒辦法得知是否some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.
因為就像我選Ｂ而錯了的道理一樣, 不知道他們在新規定下是否仍然產生
我想L31-40 句子的重心在new regulation 對一些工廠產生impact
但卻無法知道這些工廠本身是如何....誠如文章一開頭所寫的就是要談myth,
Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers
of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly.
而D
提到older plants是錯的因為文章L32-36 or L27-30中所提到的不是older technoloties 就是 older burner 而不是older plants
而A
其實後來再看覺得只要看L37-40 的whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products.就可以知道了,這句說新設備可以避免會產生污染的製程,whereas是個對比
就代表舊設備是沒法避免[或說沒法改進(減少排放量)]而這個意思在L27-30
也可以得到印證

[GoldDigger]

GWD-9-Q10:
According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?

A. Older production technologies cannot be adapted so as to reduce production of these outputs as waste products.
B. Under the most recent environmental regulations, industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs.
C. Although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.
D. Many older plants have developed innovative technological processes that reduce the amounts of these outputs generated as waste products.
E. Since the production processes that generate these outputs are less costly than alternative processes, these less expensive processes are sometimes adopted
despite their acknowledged environmental hazards.


補充一下
CD上幾位版主覺得是C
甚至有人說C選項不合語法邏輯!!~~~

[eggcake520]

Finally, older production
technologies often
continue to generate toxic wastes
that were not regulated when the
(30 ) technology was first adopted.

注意line25-30:老的production tech繼續產生有毒廢棄物，而這些有毒廢棄物當初在tech第一次被採用時並沒有遭到管制。

很符合作者為何舉此例來說明有人逃避規範漏洞的情形，也正符合一個事實正如A所述：老的production tech已無法適宜去減少產品輸出的廢棄物了。

所以贊成選A應該很好...

GWD-9-Q10:
According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?

A. Older production technologies cannot be adapted so as to reduce production of these outputs as waste products.
B. Under the most recent environmental regulations, industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs.
C. Although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.
D. Many older plants have developed innovative technological processes that reduce the amounts of these outputs generated as waste products.
E. Since the production processes that generate these outputs are less costly than alternative processes, these less expensive processes are sometimes adopted
despite their acknowledged environmental hazards.

[best555tw]

第一次做選C
Q10A 舊的技術能不能adapt文章沒說
可是位什麼不選B
文章不是說New regulations have imposed
extensive compliance costs on
companies still using older
industrial coal-fired burners that
(35) generate high sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide outputs
B怎麼排除

[cocaine]

第一次做選C
Q10A 舊的技術能不能adapt文章沒說
可是位什麼不選B
文章不是說New regulations have imposed
extensive compliance costs on
companies still using older
industrial coal-fired burners that
(35) generate high sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide outputs
B怎麼排除

文中並沒有說不準排放廢物唷
B.industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs
B是說不準排放那些廢物.
在上文說是說新規定會對那些高排放量的老舊工廠去罰款,不表示禁止排放,只是新工場會去避開這樣的規定.

[wangdaven]

一開始選到錯的答案去, 後來看看, 的確(C)最好
(A) 文章只說old tech會造成汙染, 但沒提到能不能把old tech改進以符合new regulation, 嚴格的說是not mentioned選項
(B) 文章說如果用old tech, 那麼compliance cost會上升, 可能是被罰款或是有什麼捕救措施, 但是不代表no longer不能再用這個強烈武斷的字眼, 還是可以用old tech, 只是成本比較高(呼應到最後的結論:manager可以預期new law去為公司創造competitive edge)
(D) 文章那裡有說到older plants have developed innovative tech processes? 錯誤理由同(A), not mentioned 選項
(E) 造成有毒廢物的production processes是cost會上升, 而非less costly

回頭檢討(C)之前, 看一下文章的L26~L40:

Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products.

把二句合起來看, 不正就是(c)嗎?
用綠色標起來的for example被故意安排在句中, 但其實是在為上一句話Finally, older production.....when the technology was first adopted舉例, 從上一句話拉下來看, 說明了許多older plants一直到現在仍然在排放廢棄物, 只是old plants"一開始"是不受規範的, 但後來受到規範, 實施新法後cost提高, 相對來講, new plants就不排放這些廢棄物, 避免掉這些cost, 才引申到結論句, 工廠的manager可以事先預期法令, 為公司提早做好安排, 才能achieve competitive edge

[fiona]

想請問no.11的a選項
The passage suggests which of the following concerning the relationship between the location of a plant and the compliance costs it faces?
A. A plant is less likely to face high compliance costs if it is located near larger plants that are in violation of environmental regulations.
B. An isolated plant is less likely to draw the attention of environmental regulators, resulting in lower compliance costs.
C. A large plant that is located near other large facilities will most probably be forced to pay high compliance costs.
D. A small plant that is located near a number of larger plants will be forced to absorb some of its neighbors’ compliance costs.
E. A plant will often escape high compliance costs if it is located far away from environmental regulatory agencies

但是文章說
a plant situated near a number
of larger noncompliant competitors
is less likely to attract the
attention of local regulators

選項是說鄰近大且違法，但文章是說鄰近大且不違法，可以降低主管機關的注意力，為什麼可以選a咧
還是我注意錯的段落了~~~pls help~~~

[wangdaven]

non-compliant是不順從的意思, 這裡指那些違反法令的competitors

[fiona]

哈哈~~不查字典就亂發問 pls forgive me

[jonick]

一開始選到錯的答案去, 後來看看, 的確(C)最好
(A) 文章只說old tech會造成汙染, 但沒提到能不能把old tech改進以符合new regulation, 嚴格的說是not mentioned選項
(B) 文章說如果用old tech, 那麼compliance cost會上升, 可能是被罰款或是有什麼捕救措施, 但是不代表no longer不能再用這個強烈武斷的字眼, 還是可以用old tech, 只是成本比較高(呼應到最後的結論:manager可以預期new law去為公司創造competitive edge)
(D) 文章那裡有說到older plants have developed innovative tech processes? 錯誤理由同(A), not mentioned 選項
(E) 造成有毒廢物的production processes是cost會上升, 而非less costly

回頭檢討(C)之前, 看一下文章的L26~L40:

Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products.

把二句合起來看, 不正就是(c)嗎?
用綠色標起來的for example被故意安排在句中, 但其實是在為上一句話Finally, older production.....when the technology was first adopted舉例, 從上一句話拉下來看, 說明了許多older plants一直到現在仍然在排放廢棄物, 只是old plants"一開始"是不受規範的, 但後來受到規範, 實施新法後cost提高, 相對來講, new plants就不排放這些廢棄物, 避免掉這些cost, 才引申到結論句, 工廠的manager可以事先預期法令, 為公司提早做好安排, 才能achieve competitive edge

我選A耶....第一次上來po,離考試只剩一個禮拜,有點灰心中
對於主要那句話的解釋我有不太一樣的看法
New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older .......
(, for example,)<===這是出來搗亂的
whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that.....
重點在那個still上,在法律被執行後,公司仍然使用舊法去生產縱使新的方法已經可以規避產生污染物,由此可推論,公司既然可以有新的方法可以去採用而不用,必有其緣由,這也是這一題所要推論的.
至於c選項,他的主旨focus管他法律怎麼罰,有些公司還是會持續生產污染物.焦點變成在公司身上,而不是still所強調的方法了

寫到最後自己也覺得有點遷強....不過這是我第一次就選a的想法,請牛大大們指教了

[stilalala]

可以請問
(20) as waste treatment across a
larger revenue base(暗示large companies是advantaged); on the other
hand, some smaller plants may
not even be subject to certain
provisions such as permit or
(25) reporting requirements by virtue
of their size

要怎麼翻譯才會對呢
謝謝

[michelle610]

可以請問
(20) as waste treatment across a
larger revenue base(暗示large companies是advantaged); on the other
hand, some smaller plants may
not even be subject to certain
provisions such as permit or
(25) reporting requirements by virtue
of their size

要怎麼翻譯才會對呢
謝謝

試看看
"小工廠基於他們的規模優勢,所以不受限於現行法規,如:證照,報告規定等的要求"

若有錯 還請指教 謝謝!

PS個人覺得第10題應該是A才對,C的焦點模糊了.
題目問有關於二氧化硫及氯化氮的產出何者為真
A說舊的生產技術無法改進以便去降低這些廢棄物的產出

C說有些工廠不管昂貴的罰金,照樣生產這些廢棄物----->焦點轉移到工廠身上了

請指教!!!

[Ace]

支持A為not mention
因為答案A中的adapt題目完全沒提到
C的重心仍然在於output並沒有擴散焦點
且整句都被文章support