GWD-7-Q6 to GWD-7-Q9:

[agk99]

GWD-7-Q6 to GWD-7-Q9:

For many years, theoretical
economists characterized humans
as rational beings relentlessly bent
on maximizing purely selfish reward.
(5) Results of an experimental economics
study appear to contradict this view,
however. (第一句注意這兩個字，大致就OK)In the “Ultimatum Game,”
two subjects, who cannot exchange
information, are placed in separate
(10) rooms. One is randomly chosen to
propose how a sum of money, known
to both, should be shared between
them; only one offer, which must
be accepted or rejected without
(15) negotiation, is allowed.
理論派經濟學家認為人類是最自私的一群，
然而實驗派則有不同看法，再引述一項實驗If, in fact, people are selfish and
rational, then the proposer should offer
the smallest possible share, while the
responder should accept any offer,
(20) no matter how small: after all, even
one dollar is better than nothing. In
numerous trials, however, two-thirds
of the offers made were between
40 and 50 percent; only 4 percent
(25) were less than 20 percent. Among
responders, more than half who were
offered less than 20 percent rejected
the offer. Behavior in the game did not
appreciably depend on the players’
(30) sex, age, or education. Nor did the
amount of money involved play a
significant role: for instance, in trials
of the game that were conducted in
Indonesia, the sum to be shared was
(35) as much as three times the subjects’
average monthly income, and still
responders refused offers that they
deemed too small.

文章看似講述兩派觀點，其實全文是同意經驗派而非理論派，所以7-6自然是D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-7-Q6:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. provide evidence in support of the view that human beings are essentially rational and selfish
B. use a particular study to challenge the argument that the economic behavior of human beings may be motivated by factors other than selfishness 錯在challenge
C. compare certain views about human nature held by theoretical economists with those held by experimental economists
D. describe a study that apparently challenges theoretical economists’ understanding of human economic behavior
E. suggest that researchers may have failed to take into account the impact of certain noneconomic factors in designing a study of human economic behavior
Answer:當然選D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-7-Q7:
The passage implies that the results of the Ultimatum Game undermine theoretical economists’ characterization of human beings by

A. demonstrating that most people are inclined to try to maximize their own advantage whenever possible
B. indicating that people who do not have the option of negotiating might behave more generously than do those who have the option of negotiating
C. illustrating how people’s economic behavior depends to some extent on how large a sum of money is involved
D. showing that most people instinctively place their own economic self-interest ahead of the interest of strangers
E. suggesting that people’s economic behavior might in part be motivated by factors other than selfishness
Answer: E最好
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-7-Q8:
The author refers to the sum of one dollar (line 21) in order to

A. question the notion that the amount of money involved significantly affected players’ behavior
B. provide an example of one of the rare offers made by proposers that was less than 20 percent
C. illustrate the rationality of accepting even a very small offer
D. suggest a reason that responders rejected offers that were less than 20 percent
E. challenge the conclusion that a selfish and rational proposer should offer a responder the smallest possible share
Answer: C
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-7-Q9:
All of the following are expressly mentioned in the passage as factors that did not significantly affect players’ behavior EXCEPT the

A. players’ level of schooling
B. amount of money to be shared
C. ages of the players
D. players’ professions
E. genders of the players
對照第30行，就是D沒有提出，選D

[agk99]

這篇速度有點快，若有問題敬請提出

[Pufa]

報告：我對第八題有疑問。
GWD-7-Q8:
The author refers to the sum of one dollar (line 21) in order to

A. question the notion that the amount of money involved significantly affected players’ behavior
B. provide an example of one of the rare offers made by proposers that was less than 20 percent
C. illustrate the rationality of accepting even a very small offer
D. suggest a reason that responders rejected offers that were less than 20 percent
E. challenge the conclusion that a selfish and rational proposer should offer a responder the smallest possible share
Answer: C

If, in fact, people are selfish and
rational, then the proposer should offer
the smallest possible share, while the
responder should accept any offer,
(20) no matter how small: after all, even
one dollar is better than nothing. In
numerous trials, however, two-thirds
of the offers made were between
40 and 50 percent; only 4 percent
(25) were less than 20 percent.

為什麼E不行，
文章裡說雖然給一塊錢已經比不給錢還好了，
可是許多的offer還是給了20%~50%不等的錢。
那這不就是challenge the conclusion that a selfish and rational proposer should offer a responder the smallest possible share嗎？

[Behemoth]

題目是問21行的作用
而不是問22-25行的作用

如果選e
充其量也只是22-25的作用
況且我看來22-25也不太隱含e選項的意思

21行是在為前面的說法舉個例子
所以選c沒問題~

[Pufa]

謝謝B爺，
我又自己亂引伸了。

[briandragon]

可以請高手~~

解釋一下~~段落大意嗎??

文中的實驗~好亂~~我都看不大懂~~


感謝~~

[yomei]

大意是說 在"ultimatun game"裡面 有兩個人(proposer和responder)

都知道錢的總數 proposer可決定要給responder多少錢
再由responder決定要不要接受
base on the theory that people are selfish and rational
proposer 會給最少的錢
responser 則不管對方提供多少錢都會接受 (after all, even one dollar is better than nothing)
22行 however 卻有2/3的offer給了40~50%
more than half responser (who were offerd
less than 20%) rejected the offer
(給錢的人不會給太少 太少的錢responser也不拿)
所以由這實驗所得結果可反駁thoretical economist 之論點

不夠清楚的話我再補充喔^^ 第一次回RC 有錯請指教
大家一起努力征服RC !!

[cheyen]

一開始看還真有點搞混
http://www.superlogos.com.tw/s04_1.htm
相關訊息可以參考看看
有些段落幾乎是一模一樣翻譯出來的
希望對大家有幫助

[FionaV]

GWD-7-Q6:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. provide evidence in support of the view that human beings are essentially rational and selfish
B. use a particular study to challenge the argument that the economic behavior of human beings may be motivated by factors other than selfishness 錯在challenge
C. compare certain views about human nature held by theoretical economists with those held by experimental economists
D. describe a study that apparently challenges theoretical economists’ understanding of human economic behavior
E. suggest that researchers may have failed to take into account the impact of certain noneconomic factors in designing a study of human economic behavior

我是在B跟D之間掙扎 最後選了D
但是我是想搞清楚為什麼b是錯誤的
請問B是錯在"use a particular study"嗎?

[stilalala]

GWD-7-Q6:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. provide evidence in support of the view that human beings are essentially rational and selfish
B. use a particular study to challenge the argument that the economic behavior of human beings may be motivated by factors other than selfishness 錯在challenge
C. compare certain views about human nature held by theoretical economists with those held by experimental economists
D. describe a study that apparently challenges theoretical economists’ understanding of human economic behavior
E. suggest that researchers may have failed to take into account the impact of certain noneconomic factors in designing a study of human economic behavior

我是在B跟D之間掙扎 最後選了D
但是我是想搞清楚為什麼b是錯誤的
請問B是錯在"use a particular study"嗎?

B. use a particular study to challenge the argument that the economic behavior of human beings may be motivated by factors other than selfishness

跟文章本意完全相反
仔細看喔
文章是要challenge theoretical view :people are rational , selfish
怎麼challenge呢?
就是用實驗證明,人們不是那麼rational的(前面有大大講解過了,就不說了)
所以文章是支持 economic behavior of human beings may be motivated by factors other than selfishness ,人的經濟行為並不是因為selfishness,而是有別的原因,絕對不是如b選項所言,要去challenge 這個觀點
所以b選項錯