[問題] OG 62

[evelight]

62. Which of the following best completes the passage below?

At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored
uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed
to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive
controls, is that ___________.

(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

Ans: B


OG的解釋是：
Although it would probably help to avoid excessive restrictions if some of the countries
producing the most effluents favored uniform controls, it is not necessary that all such countries do, as choice C
claims.

我的想法是，製造最多污染物的國家們本來就應該贊成uniform control，所以不該選。可是OG的解釋完全不是這樣。
請大家幫我解釋一下OG的思路好嗎？謝謝~~

[Calvin]

題目是要問什麼動作可以達到「避免對污染源過度嚴格的控制」這個目標

OG對C的解釋是說：只要一些排放最多污染源的國家支持方案可能就可以達到避免過度控制的目標， 不用非得這些國家「全部」都支持才可以達到

不過，我當初看這題的時候，也是想不太通為何排放污染源最多國家支持方案就可以避免過度限制的目標

請其他人補充

另外，evelight要避免有「本來就應該…」這樣子的想法喔！做邏輯題不可以加入個人的立場，完全要依題目與選項給的條件去做推論。

open to discuss

[best555tw]

D的OG解釋
Not all of any given pollutant need reach the North Sea since at most some needs to.
是表達什麼意思?

[Pudding]

偷懶一下, 借一下C大的話: 題目是要問什麼動作可以達到「避免對污染源過度嚴格的控制」這個目標... 而前提則是各國的uniform control...

我想D要表達的意思, 是說要避免過度控制污染, 應該只控制那些現在已經流入北海的污染物. OG則認為這無法達到目標因為最多只有某些污染源是實際到達北海的而非全部...

不過，我當初看這題的時候，也是想不太通為何排放污染源最多國家支持方案就可以避免過度限制的目標

C大, 你想不通因為答案本來就不是C吧?!

正確答案B, 我依稀記得那時美加的江樸老師是用正向表列跟負向表列來解釋的, 我覺得滿貼切... 可能的污染物質太多, 要避免過度控制, 採用負向表列的方式把actually cause environmental damage 的物質列出來, 可以避免控制過嚴...

請繼續討論...

[vitality]

有人可以幫忙解釋一下C錯在哪裡嗎?
我了解B為何是正確的
但是對於C就不知道它到底對或錯
也不懂OG上對C的解釋

謝謝!!

[liwuu]

有人可以幫忙解釋一下C錯在哪裡嗎?
我了解B為何是正確的
但是對於C就不知道它到底對或錯
也不懂OG上對C的解釋

謝謝!!

這一題考點在於"必要性"上...
選項C說明支持uniform control的都是generating the largest quantities of effluents
雖然這可能不會造成excessive restrictions(這些生產污染源最多的國家總不會拿石頭砸自己的腳,所以大致不會產生excessive restrictions的情形),不過並不一定如C選項所述支持uniform control的全部都得為這類的國家(部份這類國家有參與即可...)

[vitality]

謝謝liwuu :)

[zeta1203]

有沒有人可以再解釋一下,為何B對,C錯? THANK U

[dibert8]

OG 解釋:不見得排放最多廢棄的國家傾向管制.
其實 (C) 有點像雞同鴨講.問'不過分管制',給'排放最多廢棄',這樣感覺不太相關也.
(B) 問'不過分管制',給'管制的物質確實造成破壞'.

[kaijen]

為什麼(D)不對??
題目是討論環境對北海的威脅
如果有些污染物不能到達北海 那麼這些控制就是過度的
所以必須限制控制下的污染物都能抵達北海...

[dibert8]

(D) 排放不一定要到達北海才會污染北海的環境, e.g. 有的是排放到空中的;還有一個 at present ,那以後的污染就不管制了?

[Huang Hsin-Yi]

62. Which of the following best completes the passage below?

At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored
uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed
to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive
controls, is that ___________.
為了要避免過度的控制,是因為...................

(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

Ans: B
(B)因為任何一個被控制的物質,事實上會導致環境災害
--雖然沒講如何導致,但是是唯一選項點名避免過度控制的原因
(D)任何一個被控制的污染源事實上已到達北海
--此為中立資訊,沒有作用

~~