[問題]OG 161 (10th)

[panda]

161. Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups(幼鼠) will start to show maternal(母性的) behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days. This period can be considerably shortened by disabling(失去能力) the female’s sense of smell or by removing the scent(嗅覺)-producing glands(腺) of the pup.

Which of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?

(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.

(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.

(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.

(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.

(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor(氣味) of the pup.

Answer:(E)

這一題的題目怎麼樣都看不懂，雖然把不會的單字都查出來了
請各位幫我解釋一下題目及答案的意思，謝謝

[林小馬]

161. Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups(幼鼠) will start to show maternal(母性的) behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days. This period can be considerably shortened by disabling(失去能力) the female’s sense of smell or by removing the scent(嗅覺)-producing glands(腺) of the pup.

Which of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?

(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor(氣味) of the pup.

Answer:(E)

這一題的題目怎麼樣都看不懂，雖然把不會的單字都查出來了
請各位幫我解釋一下題目及答案的意思，謝謝

題目上說
一隻從來沒有接觸過幼鼠的母鼠
如果跟幼鼠關在一起七天
就會開始對幼鼠有母性的照顧行為

如果我們除去母鼠的嗅覺
或是除去幼鼠散發味道的器官
母鼠可能兩三天就會開始照顧幼鼠了

E可以解釋這個現象

一般母鼠照天性上來說當然是應該要照顧自己的小孩而不是別人的小孩
E說母鼠怎麼分辨呢
母鼠會用氣味分辨
不是他自己的小孩的幼鼠散發出來的氣味,會阻止母鼠去照顧這個幼鼠
(這樣從生物來說才能確保他可以照顧自己的幼鼠,不過E沒講這麼多 )

所以今天我們把母鼠的嗅覺器官除去
或著除去幼鼠散發氣味的能力
就不會有"非親生小孩的氣味阻止母鼠去照顧幼鼠"的現象
所以母鼠就會在更短的時間內就開始照顧幼鼠(非親生)

[panda]

精闢詳細的解釋真是不輸Discovery，讓我豁然開朗，多謝你了

[chris8888]

(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.

成鼠的嗅覺感知更加精確比起幼鼠 irrelevant

(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.

被幼鼠所製造的氣味量加增了, 當他們遇到不是生牠們的母鼠(題目說幼鼠的glands會被移除, 母鼠的嗅覺感官會被disable掉), 因此這無關於是否會增加氣味, 因為研究人員會把這條件給remove, 與題意背道而馳. 刪掉

(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.

有沒有生過幼鼠的母鼠做比較, irrelevant

(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.

不是比較速度的問題, irrelevant

(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor(氣味) of the pup.

母鼠對幼鼠的關切(interest)發展針對不是他生的幼鼠, 這發展會受到幼鼠氣味的限制,

主要是關於大自然界中的母性動物會養自己的小孩先, 若沒有才會逐漸接受非自己生的小孩.