由 puthing » 2005-09-06 11:23
用菜鳥OG對分詞構句的部份做了個人整理
請多批評指教
分詞構句在句首
44. Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy.
(A) Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heart-beats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy.
(B) Fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy, using a Doppler ultrasound device.
(C) Detecting fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy, a physician can use a Doppler ultrasound device.
(D) By the twelfth week of pregnancy, fetal heartbeats can be detected using a Doppler ultrasound device by a physician.
(E) Using a Doppler ultrasound device, a physician can detect fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy.
Ans: ( E )
220. For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.
(A) For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788,
(B) eginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years,
(C) Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
Ans :(E)
結論:在句首的型態比較沒有疑義，因為不可能向前修飾，所以只要後面緊接著的主詞合乎句意.邏輯即可。
分詞構句在句中
178. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences. which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.
(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have
(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have
(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have
(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has
(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has
ans: (E)
In B and C the verb phrases (performing .. . ) do not clearly modify criminals, because another noun (sentences) intrudes, nor do the verb phrases clearly establish temporal relationships among events. -->OG解釋
結論:非限制形容詞子句改分詞構句，無法清楚修飾前句，ETS不愛用。
分詞構句在句尾
39.For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
Ans :( C )
不是military equipment保護戰士，而是animal-hide shields，所以不能用關代。
49. The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet
(A)which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(B)doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit
(C)which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around
(D)doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(E)which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit
Ans:(B)
分詞doubling 修飾的是the cameras…..Urans的一整句（發現），在此若用which則會修飾到Uranus或previously unseen moons
120. The Parthenon was a church from 1204 until 1456, when Athens was taken by General Mohammed the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan, who established a mosque in the building and used the Acropolis as a fortress.
(A)who established a mosque in the building and used the Acropolis as
(B)who, establishing a mosque in the building, used the Acropolis like
(C)who, when he had established a mosque in the building, used the Acropolis like
(D)who had established a mosque in the building, using the Acropolis to be
(E)establishing a mosque in the building and using the Acropolis as
Ans: ( A )
establishing 有可能修飾Parthenon或Athens，但卻不能修飾到 the Turkish sultan（因為非主詞），有指代不清跟邏輯上的錯誤。
154. In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipa¬tion, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property.
(A)setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered
(B)setting free more than the 500 slaves legally considered as
(C)and set free more than 500 slaves, who were legally considered as
(D)and set free more than the 500 slaves who were legally considered
(E)and he set free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered as
ans:( A )
185. The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.
(A)to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts
(B)leading to 55 percent more delay at airports and prompting
(C)to lead to a 55 percent increase in delay at airports and prompt
(D)to lead to an increase of 55 percent in delays at airports, and prompted
(E)leading to a 55-percent increase in delays at airports and prompting
ans: (E)
這裡用leading卻不會修飾到the nation's air-traffic control system的原因，苦思良久，後來發現the nation's air-traffic control system是前句的受詞而非主詞。
253. Analysts blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions. which slowed sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
(A)colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed
(B)which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing
(C)since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which slowed
(D)being colder and wetter than usually in some regions, slowing
(E)having been colder and wetter than was usual in some regions and slowed
ans: (B)
[highlight=#00ffff]可能是優先修飾原句主詞的例外[/highlight],但根據句意,只有用slowing才能修飾到weather；
Regions也不是主詞，不會指代不清。
259. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
(A)bringing
(B)and brings
(C)and it brings
(D)and it brought
(E)and brought
ans: (A)
結論:句末分詞結構最常見，分詞應優先修飾前句主詞。
---以下是參考傷心版上許多牛人（davidlee0222, agk99, etc.）的帖子所做的分詞與關代用法整理，有誤還請指正---
分詞
有可能的主詞
名詞或一整句（一個觀念）
使用時機
I、前後句有因果關係（由改分詞之動詞意決定，EX: resulting,causing,making,etc. ）
II、前後句是伴隨發生（同時發生）
兩條件符合其一即可
位置
句首中尾都有可能
修飾
前句主詞（或整句）、前面最接近之名詞、前面數句中之一句
（故若分詞構句有可能修飾前句主詞及最接近名詞的可能時，依句義判定是否不用分詞構句。）
關代
有可能的主詞
名詞
位置
句中或句尾
修飾
which --- 最接近之名詞
that --- 最接近之整句或名詞 --- 由句意判斷
(但皆不可代動詞)
最後由
puthing 於 2007-03-14 20:15 編輯，總共編輯了 1 次。
